Many open source projects keep issue lists (bugs, improvements, new features, etc). These are a great way to find things that you can do (or want to learn to do). Some projects even intentionally label easier issues as help wanted as a guide to less experienced users.
Contact maintainers!
Many have email lists, forumns and slack channels. You'll be surprised how willing most are to help new contributors.
Read the READMEs. They are usually very helpful. Sometimes you'll find ways to improve them. Do it!
Read the CONTRIBUTING document that most repos have. This will help you get your development environment set up and help you understand their specific process.